This Manual is posted Courtesy and with Permission of

 Star Line Baton Company, Inc.

CONTENTS

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Dr. Henzie's educational and marching band experience has developed a solid drum majoring background.  He was director of the Butler University Band for twenty years and professor of Music at Butler University and Jordan College of Music.  Under his tutelage were graduated some of the nation's finest marching band directors including several Big Ten directors.  He received his Doctor of Education Degree from Indiana University and is nationally in demand as a clinician and adjudicator.

Dr. Henzie has dedicated himself to music education, marching bands and drum majoring.  One of his greatest assets is his great ability to communicate with all age groups and to inspire them to their full potential.

Merl Smith is nationally known as an instructor of drum majoring and baton twirling.  He is past president of the All American Drum Major Association and the United States Twirling Association.  As founder and director of the Smith-Walbridge Camp, Mr. Smith has been a leader in the development of drum majoring and baton twirling methods in the United States.  He has devoted much of his life to the teaching of twirlers, drum majors, drum and bugle corps and bands and has been responsible for national and state champions in all categories.

He personally won the United States Twirling Championship at the Chicagoland Music Festival in 1939 and served as drum major of the Mishawaka High School Band, the Hawaii Sea Bee Battalion Band and several drum corps.

This book is the result of eighteen years of the combined efforts of Dr. Henzie and Merl Smith and will serve as an invaluable guide for all drum majors and band directors.

PREFACE

The concept of this book resulted from seven years of publishing a drum major manual in mimeograph form by Smith-Walbridge Drum Major Camp.  Each of the seven years brought a new edition with more refined teaching methods and techniques for the drum major.  The culmination of all the material that had been tested and retested, plus charting is the content of this book.

This manual was thus created to cover whistle and baton commands, basic drill for the marching band, fundamental instruction and charting for the football marching band.  The material is designed to train the drum major to function as the field director of the band and as an assistant director in rehearsing the marching band for football, parades and other events related to the band's public appearances as a marching unit.  All basic commands were adapted from the United States Army Band Manual and from the staff of professional instructors who had been drum majors of some of the finest bands in the country.

Materials in this text have been tested by over eight thousand high school and college students desiring to be drum majors of their school bands.  Hundreds of bands have performed effectively to the signal commands presented in this book.  We pay our special thanks to the following professional teachers who have contributed to the establishment of the system of drum major signals herein: "Duke" Miller of University of Arizona at Temple, Tom Veenendall of Michigan State University, Dick Follett of University of Michigan, Jack Crum. of Butler University, Fred Miller of University of Dayton.

The charting section of the book is designed to acquaint the drum major with the fundamentals of charting for the football band so that he may assist the director in training and rehearsing the band.

Much of the information related to charting has been provided by the Big Ten directors who have served as clinicians for the Smith-Walbridge Drum Major Camps. These directors are responsible for developing many of the charting techniques currently in use by many bands.  They represent a segment of Who's Who in the College Band Directors National Association.  From the Big Ten and other colleges the list includes:

Jack Lee, University of Arizona

Jack Evans, Ohio State University

John Paynter, Northwestern University

Everett Kisinger, University of Illinois

Frederick Ebbs, Indiana University

Charles Spohn, Ohio State University

Tom Davis, University of Iowa

C. B. Wilson, Western Reserve University

Michael Leckrone, University of Wisconsin

Gary Smith, Saint Joseph College

The authors wish to express their appreciation for the use of the charting examples supplied by the Big Ten band directors whose cooperation made possible the presentation of charting from all the Universities in the Conference.  Our special thanks to Professor AI Wright, Purdue University, George Cavender and William Revelli of the University of Michigan, William Moffitt, formerly of Michigan State University and Frank Bencriscutto, University of Minnesota.

A special expression of gratitude to Ray Gaedke for the graphic illustrations and the final preparation of the material.

The authors will be happy to answer any questions, readers may have on the subjects covered in this book.  Write to the publishers enclosing a self-addressed, stamped envelope.

Chapter I

The Role OF THE DRUM MAJOR

The military band was the forerunner of our present day bands.  The instrumentation of the band has been limited to those instruments whose design made it possible to be carried and played while marching.  Until the present era, band music was military in nature, consisting chiefly of marches.  Thus the role of the drum major was limited to military reviews and parades.

DRUM MAJOR QUALIFICATIONS

LEADERSHIP

Leadership is a matter of learning and growth.  As the drum major gains further knowledge and experience in the many phases of his position, he develops the poise, confidence, and insight into the total situation that is essential to being a competent leader.  As he learns and practices the duties of his office he gains the assurance and respect of the band and the director, which provides further stimulus for self-improvement and refined leadership.

Leadership may be initiated from anyone of the many ingredients of which it is composed.  Perhaps it stems from outstanding musicianship, the responsibility of solo chair, technique and facility.  Whatever the initial requisite might be, leadership based upon one single attribute will not survive.  It must be supported by many equally important personal characteristics which the aspiring leader must recognize and labor to acquire.

Frequently the drum major has great enthusiasm for the marching band, for his school, his director, and demonstrates this enthusiasm without reserve.  Such enthusiasm is healthy and creates spirit among the other students.  But unless a drum major has many of the other leadership qualities, he will soon become less effective as a leader.  No one, single leadership qualification is totally adequate for the complete role of the drum major.

In attempting to list the leadership requirements of the drum major the following qualifications, though not complete, would be included.

KNOWLEDGE OF MUSIC AND MARCHING FUNDAMENTALS

The drum major must establish himself as being musically literate if he is to assume a position of leadership and authority in the band.  He must have a background in music that enables him to communicate musically with the director and the bandsmen and to reinforce the musical function of the marching unit.

His knowledge of music should be based upon experiences comparable to the majority of the students in the band.  Such fundamentals as tempo, meter and dynamics should be firmly established within his musical training if he is to direct the actions of others in performing their complex musical and marching responsibilities.  He must be proficient at starting and stopping the band, at changing the rate of direction of movement and knowing when and how to give the signals necessary for obtaining the maximum musical and marching results.

ENTHUSIASM

DESIRE AND DRIVE

PERSUASIVENESS

Persuasiveness is a quality that few student leaders develop sufficiently.  The drum major must direct the action of his fellow students.  Commands when given unwisely, are resented by the band members.  The drum major who can give signals and commands in such a manner that the band responds without hesitation or resentment toward him, will profit from the cooperative work of the band members.  Remember, you can lead a horse to water but -.  You can command but, band members respond better when free of "rigid commands."

ACCEPTANCE BY THE BAND MEMBERS

COOPERATION WITH THE DIRECTOR

CONSISTENCY

Consistency in behavior and approach is mandatory when dealing with problems involving conduct and discipline in the band.  The drum major must maintain the same standards of conduct from day to day.  Students must know that each practice is important, not a play period one day and work the next day.  No special privileges are granted on a personal basis or on "Iax" days.  The drum major must strive to maintain the same high excellence of performance standards in marching and playing with everyday consistency.

ABILITY TO MEET EMERGENCIES

Ability to meet emergencies as they develop is a real quality of leadership. " Much of this ability is based upon the drum major's confidence in himself, his awareness of the total situation, his ability to anticipate situations and the knowledge that his actions have the full support of the band and the director.

Sacrifice of time is one of the prices that the leader must pay.  The hours spent in self-improvement, in working for the band, in teaching those who need help, in planning thoroughly the limited time allowed for the multitude of tasks to be done; all are part of the sacrifice the drum major must make.  The rewards are awarded in the future which is being developed through his action.

THE ABILITY TO TAKE CRITICISM AND ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY

A leader must accept the criticism of his fellow students.  They must feel free to give their evaluation of his as well as their performance.

APPEARANCE AND DEPORTMENT

The drum major should represent the finest example of excellence in marching and execution of movements, the ultimate in neatness and appearances and in self-discipline and deportment.

DEVELOPING A STYLE

The drum major as a leader and performer has a dual responsibility to the band as well as the audience.  With this in mind he must be able to create or imitate a style which will highlight him as an individual performer without sacrificing his responsibility of leading the band.  The drum major must demonstrate that he has complete control of the entire performance.  It is obvious that his style must be in good taste, colorful, and yet not interfere with the band or its movement.

Facings may be executed fast, slow, fancy, or plain.  They may be executed in the style of a kick, jump, slide, or strictly military in character.  In conclusion the important item of consideration is the degree or range of difference between the drum major and the band.

Contrasts in style are important items for consideration in the development of individuality and showmanship.  They create attention and interest.  Changes in musical style or tempo provide opportunities for originality and contrast in strutting, arm swing, movement and variations in stride.

The male drum major must incorporate masculinity into his individual style.  Motions must be strong and definite.  Small, weak styles will not gain favorable acceptance.  Girl drum majors should incorporate an air of military, free of masculinity.  Motions should be smoother and smaller, but never dainty and unprecise.

TWIN DRUM MAJORS

Twin drum majors offer great public appeal and interest when they function and perform as a single entity.  To obtain the maximum effect of twin drum majors the director has the responsibility of selecting two bandsmen whose physical appearances compliment each other.

The drum majors must make every effort to develop similarity in appearance, mannerisms, movement and uniform dress.  Their marching must be so alike in style and precision of detail that they think and act as one while working as a team.

Considerable time must be given to a system for coordinating each movement of the whistle and baton signals.  Work on uniformity of baton angle, elbow and knee height, stride and strutting, length of whistle commands an exactness in the execution of signals.

Develop a system of counting such as "one, two, ready go" or a simple "ready-and" spoken by the head drum major.  With practice and experience the system of counting may eventually become automatic and even unnecessary.

The disadvantages of twin drum majors are apparent in the time and limitations which are inherent in the development of TWO equally competent and completely coordinated individuals.  Additional consideration should be given to conflicts in personality and authority.  Some bands may find it prohibitively costly to uniform two drum majors.

Frequently the advantages out-weigh the disadvantages.  Twin drum majors provide greater visibility and field coverage in rehearsal as well as performance.  They provide an additional rehearsal assistant and a trained drum major in the case of an emergency.  When functioning as a team they create a double impression of the role of the single drum major and enhance the audience impression of the performance.

ANALYSIS OF COMPARATIVE DRUM MAJOR STYLES

CHAPTER II

TEACHING MARCHING FUNDAMENTALS

POSTURE AND CARRIAGE

Carriage implies the use of correct posture when marching or moving.  A steady, rhythmic, uniform stride, free of body tension or excessive arm or shoulder movement, with proper balance and distribution of weight upon both feet, will produce a graceful, physical movement reflecting the authority of the drum major, his rank and position of leadership.

Correct carriage may also be observed by practicing before a full length mirror or with the assistance of another band member.

The drum major must set the example of good posture and carriage for the entire band and auxiliary units.  Posture and carriage are important elements of marching fundamentals and should be stressed in the initial practice sessions.

Motion pictures, slides or snapshots of band members requiring special remedial training in posture and carriage have proved to be an effective method of assisting members to correct their problems.  It is equally effective for the drum major to see himself in action or still motion as a method of studying his posture, carriage and technique.

On Count one

(1)                 Raise the left heel, toe on the ground, weight on right foot.

(2)                 Bring left knee to position shown in figure 4.  Leg should be parallel to the ground, toe must be down and below the heel.  Shoulders back, do not lean forward.

(4)        Return left foot beside right foot.  Weight equally distributed on both feet.  Position of attention.

Practice slowly with count until the movement becomes fluent and natural.  Reverse the system for the RIGHT foot by substituting right for left in the instructions.

FUNDAMENTALS WITH VERBAL COMMANDS

Fine marching bands are developed from good fundamentals of marching techniques, attention to posture and carriage, good musicianship and a system of drill that every bandsman understands.  The drum major is frequently responsible for much of the teaching of the basic marching fundamentals.  Such responsibilities necessitates an ability to teach and drill through the use of verbal commands.

Verbal commands are most frequently used with a small unit or when the band is not playing.  They are essential for teaching and directing drill movement in rehearsal and for commands such as "AT EASE" or "PARADE REST."  All commands consist of two parts: (1) a preparatory command and (2) a command of execution.  The preparatory command tells the band WHAT TO DO and the command of execution STARTS the movement.  The preparatory command should be long, strong and distinct and directed toward the last rank of the band or the bandsman farthest from the drum major.  Such a command demands considerable breath support and a forceful projection.  The ease of projection is achieved through proper posture, correct breathing and the adjustment of mouth, throat and vocal production.  The diaphragm plays an important role in providing the breath support and intensity to project the vocal commands to the focal point desired.  The command of execution must be short, strong and distinct. It must be an order. . . authoritative.

Precision movement is generally the result of a systematic method of teaching as well as practice in the application of the system.  Develop a system of giving verbal commands, based upon a count system so that the band as well as you may respond and execute the commands with ease, confidence and precision.

A basic part of any; system of commands is the rhythmic meter.  Allow at least one beat or count following any command such as the preparatory or the command of execution.  This one count permits the band members to respond with greater precision and security.  Most commands require only three counts for the preparatory and command of execution, the fourth count is required to THINK and prepare the response.

The rhythm of command is important in obtaining precision and unison movement.  Practice the verbal commands in a strict rhythm as indicated by the numbers beneath the commands.  Such practice will be readily transferred to the whistle and baton signals that are basic to the trained drum major.  For practice we suggest a tempo or speed of 128-140 beats per minute.

The drum major must give all commands from the position of attention.  The commands of execution are printed in capital letters below the count and the suggested rhythm notation.

 

 

CHAPTER III

 

FUNDAMENTAL DRILL MOVEMENTS

 

The basic school of the bandsman is divided into two phases, namely: commands from a stationary position and commands to move or change direction in movement.  The latter group of commands may be taught with verbal commands or with whistle and baton signals.  The drum major may introduce the whistle and baton signals at the earliest opportunity or as soon as the band responds to the verbal commands with an acceptable degree of precision.

 

 

	FORWARD MARCH      All personnel step forward with left foot on 1st count.  If forward march is given during mark time, execution should be on left foot and then step off on next left foot.
	HALT      Preparatory command may be given on either the right or left foot.  Starting on left foot would make the commands more consistent with signals that will be presented later in the book.  The halt takes 5 counts to complete.                              1        2       3        4      5      Example:        band          halt    step   close                            L        R       L        R     L
	TO THE REAR      This is the movement where all personnel turn 180 degrees simultaneously and march in opposite direction.  Command of execution starts with left foot forward on first count.  Turn 180 degrees to the right on the ball of the left foot.  On the third count, left foot will move forward to normal marching.

 

 

	RIGHT FLANK      All bandsmen turn right simultaneously.  The command of execution is given on the right foot.  The pivot starts on the left foot which is forward at the time.  A 1/4 turn to the right on the left foot on first count.  The right foot takes a full step forward in the new direction on second count.
	LEFT FLANK      Same as above except command of execution is on left foot and 1/4 turn to the left.

 

 

	RIGHT OBLIQUE      Same as on Right Flank except bandsmen execute a 45 degree turn simultaneously instead of a 90 degree turn.
	LEFT OBLIQUE      Same as Left Flank except 45 degree turn instead of a 90 degree turn.

 

TWO VARIATIONS OF FUNDAMENTAL DRILL

 

	RIGHT SWING TURN'      Preparatory and command of execution is given on the left foot, bandsman hits yard line with right foot and pivots right, bringing left foot in new direction of first beat as the turn is completed.
	LEFT SWING TURN      Same as above except command of execution is given on the right foot, pivoting on the left, swinging right foot in the new direction.
	REVERSE TO THE REAR      Similar to the "to-the-rear" but executed with a 180 degree left turn as the right foot strikes the ground (or yard line).  This movement is executed on a 4th or 8th count and the next step is in the REVERSE DIRECTION.

 

 

COUNTERMARCHES

 

 

 

REVERSIBLE      Command of execution given on right foot.  The first rank executes two right flanks and marches through the band with each succeeding rank following in sequence.  This movement reverses the order of files from right to left.

NONREVERSIBLE      Command of execution may be given on either foot.  Files on right side of band turn left and files on left side turn right.  Files intermesh as they pass between files from opposite side of band.  Movement comprised of arc or half circle.  Center files execute arcs and half step until entire rank has reformed, then resumes full step.  Important: Proper interval and distance must be maintained   throughout maneuver.  The entire band half steps,    except while executing arc movement, until reformed going in the opposite direction.

 

 

COLUMN MOVEMENTS

 

MINSTREL TURNS

 

 

 

TO THE RIGHT

Leader of file 6 pivots on left foot on beat 1, file 5 turns four counts later on count 5, file 4 turns on count 9, file 3 turns on count 13, file 2 on count 17 and file 1 on count 21.  Movement is executed with full steps.  Uniformity of spacing essential for precision of execution.

 

 

 

TO THE LEFT

Leader of file 1 pivots on right foot (8th count) left foot on count 1 in new direction.  File 2 pivots left on count 4, file 3 on count 8, file 4 on count 12, file 5 on count 16, file 6 on count 20.  Full stride throughout movement. Interval and distance essential to proper execution.

 

ADVANTAGES

No slowing of forward motion.  Interesting movement to observe.  Precision movement of forward and flanks. Easy to count steps.  All members of rank arrive on new line at same time.

 

DISADVANTAGES

Reverses the files so that the right flank becomes the left flank of the band.  Difficulty increases with number of files and ranks.

 

 

 

COLUMN MOVEMENTS

 

MILITARY TURNS

 

The military turn is a 90 degree turn completed

by executing two 45 degree obliques.

 

 

 

RIGHT TURN

The preparatory command is given on the right foot and the entire rank, except the right guide, file 1, executes a right oblique.  File 1 executes a right flank, takes two steps in new direction and half-steps 30 paces until the complete rank has reformed.  Each file marches in oblique the number of paces designated in the illustration and then executes a second right oblique four counts after the man on the right in his rank.  Continue in new direction until arriving abreast of the right guide, half step until complete rank has reformed.

 

 

 

LEFT TURN

The preparatory command is given on the left foot and the entire rank (except file 6, the left guide and pivot man) execute a left oblique.  File 6 executes a left flank, advances two paces in new direction and half-steps 30 paces until complete rank has reformed.  Each file marches in oblique the number of paces indicated in the illustration and then executes the second left oblique four counts after the bandsman to his left in his rank.  Continue in new direction until arriving abreast of the left guide or pivot man, half-step until complete rank has reformed.

 

	STATIONARY PIVOT WHEEL TURNS   Length of stride varies for each file.  Closer to pivot, the shorter the stride.  Retain interval from files on pivot.  Files 1-2-3 guide left, files 4-5-6 guide right.  Pivot marks time gradually making pivot turn while rest of rank makes the turn.  Upon completion of the turn the rank half steps until complete band has made the turn.  Ranks coming up to make the turn, mark time, until they can approach the point of making the turn.   ADVANTAGES Sequential movement, each rank moves independently.  Easier to understand than execute.   DISADVANTAGES Time consuming, much marking time difficult to keep alignment on turns.  Forward movement into wheel turns lacks precision.  Outside files tend to anticipate swing and move ahead.
	MOVABLE PIVOT WHEEL TURNS   Length of stride varies for each file.  Closer the pivot, shorter the stride.  First file, on command of execution, immediately makes a right turn, takes two steps then half steps.  Second file becomes the actual pivot that the rank guides on.  Other ranks in the band on command of execution immediately half step.  All ranks half step except on making the turn, until the band has completed the maneuver.   ADVANTAGES   Visual movement of wheel turn.  Less time involved in marking time.  Easy to understand movement.   DISADVANTAGES Difficulty of keeping alignment.  Hard to keep block band outline.  Half steps require additional time.
	DIMINISH FRONT On command of execution (right foot) file 1-2-3 continue 2 steps and execute left oblique (45degree angle.)   File 1 left obliques 5 paces, right oblique File 2 left obliques 3 paces, right oblique File 3 left obliques 1 pace, right oblique   On command files 4-5-6 continue forward one count and pivot on left foot executing right oblique (45 degree angle.)   File 4 right oblique 1 pace, left oblique File 5 right oblique 3 paces, left oblique File 6 right oblique 5 paces, left oblique   All files complete movement in 8 counts.  Files 1 and 6 use 30 inch stride to retain 8 to 5 system.  Files 2 and 5 use 30 inch stride on oblique movement and 22 1/2 inch stride in forward movement.  Files 3-4 use 30 inch stride on obliques and then return to 22 1/2 inches.
	RESUME FRONT (Also open front or extend front.) Signal of execution is given on right foot.  It is accomplished by files to the right of center obliquing to the right and files left of center obliquing to the left.  The band continues in its original width without changing the number of files, thus resuming the original size.
	DECREASE FRONT On the command of execution files 1-2-3 continue forward 3 paces and mark-time until count 16.  Files 4-5-6 execute a right flank and advance 12 paces, left flank on 14, mark-time 15-16.  Entire rank or ranks step-off on 17th count.
	INCREASE FRONT Preparatory command is given on the left foot.  On the command of execution (left foot) files 1-2-3 mark-time 16 counts, files 4-5-6 execute a left flank and advance 12 paces, flank right on 13, 14; mark-time on 15, 16. Entire rank steps-off on 17th count.

 

 

CHAPTER IV

 

WHISTLE AND BATON SIGNALS

 

The apparent ease and assurance often observed of the drum major in front of a band creates an impression of over-simplification of the task of drum majoring.  In addition to acquiring a complete knowledge of the commands and how they must be executed, the drum major must develop a skill and technique in giving the commands through the use of the whistle and baton.  These two tools of the drum major must be so closely coordinated with the basic marching movements that he is free to think ahead and concentrate upon the music and the next command that follows.  Such coordination demands many hours of practice, patience and application.

 

The baton and whistle should function as a team.  Although either may be used independently, together they represent the maximum in effectiveness and strength.  Any weakness of one phase of the command may be strengthened by an awareness of the other part.  They are an audio-visual team.

 

The baton is the visual component and demonstrates visually the two parts of the command.  It is extremely important that the baton be clearly visible when signaling any command.  It must be SEEN to be OBEYED.

 

The position of the baton on the preparatory command indicates (a) the movement or action to be executed or performed (b) the direction of the movement.  Some drum majors feel that the preparatory command is of greater importance than the command of execution for the simple reason that you must know what you are to "do" before you start.  Thus it is imperative that the baton signal of preparation be executed on as high a plane as possible and that there be no question of the command indicated.

 

It often requires hours of practice to control the baton so that it indicates accurately the precise angle or degree and direction for each command.  Practice in front of a mirror to check your signals.  Those hours of practice will also build strength in the wrist and fingers which will increase control and technique.

 

The control and technique acquired in perfecting the preparatory signal will transfer to a more effective performance of the command of execution.  The command of execution must be strong and precise.  It should be given in rhythm with the music and slightly before the foot strikes the ground for executing the required movement.  There should be an element of authority, command, order, direction, or simply - go!

 

The choice of baton is optional.  Consideration should be given to the style and uniform dress of the drum major and the band.  The signal baton is a longer baton and is preferred by drum majors who do not twirl.  The twirling baton is shorter with a small shaft and is generally lighter in weight.  Give some consideration to the best length for your height.

 

The whistle is the audio component of the baton-whistle team.  It is most effective when the band is not playing.  It is often ineffective when over-done.  Constant blowing of the whistle by the drum major weakens the effectiveness of his commands.

 

The drum major's whistle serves two functions.  First, to direct attention to the drum major and the command which follows; secondly, to emphasize the command of execution.

 

The length and style of whistle tone is of major importance.  Authorities agree that the preparatory whistle should be LONG, strong, and distinct, and the execution whistle should be SHORT, strong and distinct.  The short type of whistle is referred to as a "blast" which implies the character of the sound.

 

Most large whistles tend to sound a lower pitch which is more difficult to hear when the band is playing.  Select a whistle which produces a crisp, even, high pitch.  Most music dealers will stock the good, preferred types of drum major whistles or if not, a sporting goods store will have several types of referee's whistles.

 

In conclusion, the audio-visual team (whistle and baton) must be practiced diligently to obtain the ultimate perfection of coordinated movement and sound. Know the two parts of each command, know how to teach them to your band, practice your coordinated signals before a mirror and execute the signals so that all of the band can both see and hear your commands.

 

SIGNAL BATON

Length - 36 to 40 inches in length.

Shaft - WOOD shaft approximately one inch in circumference. Tip tapers to about 1/2 inch.

Ball - Thin, hollow metal, chrome plated.

 

 

TWIRLING BATON

Length - Varies from 18 to 30 inches.

Shaft - Steel with chrome finish varying in circumference from 3/8 inch to 5/8 of an inch.

Ball - Most frequently a rubber like molded ball.

 

 

 

	BATON CARRY   Figures 22, 23 over arm position.  Figures 24, 25 under arm position.
	ATTENTION   Figures 26, 27 baton in port position.  Heels together.  Toes at 45 degree angle.  Back straight slightly arched.  Chin in.  Hands on hips with elbows straight out to the side; wrists straight and fingers together.  Stomach in and chest up.

 

	FLOURISH   (ready position) Figure 28.  A flourish is a forward spin of the baton designed to focus attention on the drum major and the signals anticipated; two or three complete revolutions are customary.  It is executed by grasping the baton between the thumb and forefinger.  The wrist functions as the fulcrum or pivotal point with some assistance from the thumb and index finger.
ROLL OFF   Figure 29 Preparatory, baton extended in 45 degree angle to side in right hand.  Preparatory whistle should be approximately in the middle of the cadence.  No execution is necessary but a double whistle two counts before the band plays will improve start of music.   count 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 whistle tweeeeeeeeet       twt twt   march L R L R L R L R figure flourish 29           ...

 

 

SALUTE   Figures 30 and 31.  Bring baton down to side with tip pointing at toe and baton at 45 degree angle . . . to count one.  On 2nd count, bring baton to inside left shoulder, hand on hip.  Baton hangs in perpendicular position, right arm horizontal and level with shoulders.  Rest of body should be at attention.
AS YOU WERE   This signal is used to cancel a previous command or order.  It may be given on either foot while marching or at any time when necessary.  Flourish not required.  Baton is extended upward to the right at a 45 degree angle and moves from right to left in a repeated motion that might be interpreted as "erasing" the previous command.  Whistle is continuous throughout.

 

 

PARADE REST   Figures 33 and 34.  Keep right foot in place and move left foot out to left about 15 inches, still at position of attention except for feet.  Right arm moves out with carry position on count one; on second count tip end of baton moves to back of left hand with left foot moving to left about 15 inches.  Resume attention in one count by moving left foot and baton to position of attention.

FORWARD MARCH   Figures 35 and 36.  Point baton forward at 45 degree angle with arm straight and forefinger on top of the baton.  Command of execution, right arm bends down and then extends in the forward thrust.  If command of execution is given with music or mark-time, it should be given on left foot (7th) and then forward on the next left foot beat (9th).  Synchronize whistle and baton movements.    count 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 whistle tweeeeeeeet       tweet   march L R L R L R L raise left knee figure flourish 36     35 36

 

 

HALT   Figures 37, 38, 39, 40 and 41.  On preparatory command hold baton in both hands extended overhead (fig. 37).  On the first command of execution, baton comes down on the left foot (fig. 38) up on the right foot (fig. 39) and down on the left foot (fig. 40).  Band continues to play on this signal. NO FLOURISH.  Synchronize whistle and baton movements.   count 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 whistle tweeeeeeeeet   tweet tweet tweet   march L R L R L R L R figure 37     38 39 40 41

 

 

RIGHT TURN OR COLUMN RIGHT

 

Figures 42, 43, 44.  Right arm extended overhead with baton pointed to the right.  On command of execution, thrust the baton from left to right.  The command of execution is on the right foot.

 

RIGHT TURN may also be COLUMNS RIGHT or MINSTREL TURN RIGHT.

execution.

 

count	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
whistle	tweeeeeeeet					tweet
march	L	R	L	R	L	R	L	R
figure	flourish		42		43	44

 

 

LEFT TURN OR COLUMN LEFT

 

Figures 45, 46, 47.  Opposite of right turn.  Right arm extended overhead with baton pointed to the left.  On execution thrust baton from right to left.  Command of execution on left foot.

 

LEFT TURN also MINSTREL TURN to the LEFT or COLUMN LEFT.

 

count	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
whistle	tweeeeeeeet						tweet
march	L	R	L	R	L	R	L	R
figure	flourish		45			46	47
...

 

 

RIGHT FLANK

 

Figures 48, 49, 50.  Right arm extended shoulder high to the right with baton perpendicular to ground.  Tip up, ball down.  Baton should be grasped approximately two inches from the ball.  Command of execution is given by pulling baton toward body and jabbing back to the original position.  The jab should be executed as the right foot strikes the ground.

 

count	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
whistle	tweeeeeeeeet					tweet
march	L	R	L	R	L	R	L	R
figure	48				49	50
...

 

 

LEFT FLANK

 

Figures 51, 52, 53.  Opposite of right flank.  Baton in left hand.  The jab of execution should be given as the left foot strikes the ground.

  

count	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
whistle	tweeeeeeeeet						tweet
march	L	R	L	R	L	R	L	R
figure	51					52	53
...

 

 

TO THE REAR

 

Figures 54, 55, 56, 57.  Drum major executes a to-the-rear and faces band, then flips baton, exchanging ball end in hand so that ball is ready for preparatory signal (fig. 54).  Raise baton on 4th count (fig. 55).  Baton is lowered and raised in form of thrust for execution (fig. 56, 57).  Command of execution is on right foot. Synchronize whistle and baton movements.

 

count	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
whistle	flip			tweeeeeeeeeeeeet				tweet
march	L	R	L	R	L	R	L	R
figure	54			55			56	57

 

 

COLUMNS HALF RIGHT

 

Figures 58, 59, 60.  Same as right turn except baton points at 45 degree angle to the right parallel to the ground.  Execution on right foot.

 

count	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
whistle	tweeeeeeeet					tweet
march	L	R	L	R	L	R	L	R
figure	flourish		58		59	60

 

 

COLUMNS HALF LEFT

 

Figures 61, 62, 63.  Same as left turn only baton points at 45 degree angle to the left parallel to the ground.  Execution is on the left foot.

 

count	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
whistle	tweeeeeeeeet						tweet
march	L	R	L	R	L	R	L	R
figure	flourish		61			62	63

 

 

COUNTERMARCH

 

Figures 64, 65, 66, 67, 68.  Tip end of the baton is extended straight upward.  The drum major executes a counter march with baton in extended position (fig. 64, 65) marching toward the front rank of the band.  Upon reaching the second rank of the band the signal of execution is given on the right foot with a down (fig. 66) up thrust (fig. 67) of the baton.  Drum major continues new direction marching through entire band.  If properly executed the five yard distance in front of the first rank will be maintained.

 

count	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
whistle	tweeeeeeeeet							tweet
march	L	R	L	R	L	R	L	R
figure	flourish 64		65				66 67	68

 

 

RIGHT OBLIQUE

 

Figures 69, 70, 71, 72.  Flip or reverse baton to tip end in hand and ball up at 45 degree angle to the right (approximate area of 2 o'clock).  Signal of execution, a down and up thrust, is given on the right foot (fig. 71, 72).  To resume the original direction the standard forward march preparatory and execution is given.

 

count	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
whistle		tweeeeeeeeet						tweet
march	L	R	L	R	L	R	L	R
figure	69	70					71	72
		flip

 

 

LEFT OBLIQUE

 

Figures 73, 74, 75, 76.  Flip or reverse baton to tip end in hand and ball up at 45 degree angle to left (approximately area of 10 o'clock).  A down and up thrust serves as the signal of execution which is given on the left foot (fig. 75,76).  To resume the original direction use the standard forward-march sequence of preparatory and execution.  The left and right obliques are always followed by a forward march.

 

count	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
whistle		tweeeeeeeeet					tweet
march	L	R	L	R	L	R	L	R
figure	73	74				75	76
		flip

 

 

DIMINISH OR CLOSE FRONT

 

Figures 77, 78, 79, 80.  The diminish front movement is designed to maintain the basic block formation of the band but diminish the width by decreasing the interval between files.  The preparatory command consists of two parts. On first whistle:

 

1.  Bring baton up to halt position, right hand at ball end and left hand at tip end.

2.  Slide both hands to center of baton to indicate the dual movement of the files.  This provides a visual

     signal of the movement.

 

The command of execution is accompanied by the whistle of execution and a down and up snap of the wrists as the right foot strikes ground.  No flourish.

 

count	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
whistle	tweeeeeeeeet					tweet
march	L	R	L	R	L	R	L	R
figure	77		78			79 80
...

 

 

EXTEND OR OPEN FRONT

 

Figures 81, 82, 83, 84.  This movement usually follows the diminish or close front drill and is designed to return band to the basic block band formation.  It may be used to widen the interval between files when the band is in a formation of ranks and files.

 

The preparatory command consists of two parts and is given with the preparatory whistle on the right foot.

 

1.  Bring baton above head with both hands at center of baton.

2.  Slide hands apart and to end of shaft.

 

The command of execution is given on right foot simultaneously with the short whistle of execution and a down-up wrist snap of the baton.  No flourish.

 

count	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
whistle	tweeeeeeeeet					tweet
march	L	R	L	R	L	R	L	R
figure	81		82			83 84
...

 

 

DECREASE FRONT

 

Figures 85, 86, 87, 88.  A movement designed to decrease the width of the basic band by an alteration in the number of files and a corresponding increase in ranks.  The interval between files remains constant.  Drum major faces band.

 

The preparatory command consists of two parts.  On the first whistle and as the right foot strikes:

 

1.  Baton is above head with both hands extended to ends of shaft.

2.  Left hand slides to right as far as possible indicating movement of the files from that side of band.

 

The command of execution is given on right foot at the same instant with the whistle and a down-up snap of the wrist.

 

count	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
whistle	tweeeeeeeeet					tweet
march	L	R	L	R	L	R	L	R
figure	85		86			87 88
...

 

 

INCREASE FRONT

 

Figures 89, 90, 91, 92.  A movement designed to return the band to its basic formation of ranks and files following a decrease in files.  Drum major faces the band and executes the following signals on the left foot.

 

                 1. Baton is overhead with both hands at ball end of shaft.

                 2. Left hand moves immediately to tip end of baton on preparatory whistle.

 

The command of execution is also given on left foot with a down-up snap of the wrist and the short whistle of execution.

 

count	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
whistle	tweeeeeeeeet						tweet
march	L	R	L	R	L	R	L	R
figure	89		90				91 92
...

 

HALF STEP

 

Figures 93, 94, 95.  Drum major faces band.  Baton is held with right hand in middle of baton.  Left hand on hip.  Execution is on left foot with left hand brought to hip and right hand and baton to carry.

 

count	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
whistle	tweeeeeeeeet						tweet
march	L	R	L	R	L	R	L	R
figure	93					94	95
...

 

 

MARK TIME

 

Figures 96, 97, 98.  Drum major faces band.  Preparatory command; hold baton at eye level with both hands, with palms of hands toward the band.  Execution is with whistle and a slight up and down motion or jerk of the baton.

 

count	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
whistle	tweeeeeeeeet						tweet
march	L	R	L	R	L	R	L	R
figure	96					97	98
...

 

 

HALT MARCHING AND CEASE PLAY

 

Figures 99, 100, 101, no flourish.  Drum major turns and marches backward facing band.  Starting on count one of the last eight (8) counts in the music, he extends both arms upward as in fig. 99.  This is the preparatory command.  On count seven the command of execution is given as the left foot strikes the ground, both arms are lowered to the sides.  The drum major takes one additional step with the right foot as the baton returns to the position of attention.  All band personnel must take the additional step and close with the left foot on count nine (9).

 

count	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
whistle	tweeeeeeeeet						tweet		close
march	L	R	L	R	L	R	L	R
figure	99